What is Application Management? What are the meaning of the other options Available in Application Management in SharePoint 2013?

Web Application
Manage Web Applications: This section is specially for farm administrator of  the farm .This option has Manage permissions for a web application in SharePoint 2013 ,Manage permission policies for a web application in SharePoint 2013,Extend claims-based web applications in SharePoint 2013, Define managed paths in SharePoint Server 2013,  etc. we will discuss in details to these things in the upcoming blogs .
Configure Alternate Access mappings :This option can be used to to associate the mapping of any web application to the collection of internal and public URLs .Web application supports five types of collection which are :default , intranet , extra-net internet and custom .
Site collections
Create Site Collections : user can create new site collection from this link .
Delete a Site Collections: Users can delete a specific site collection from this link.
Confirm Site use and Deletion:This section is to confirm weather the site is working or not in use . When SharePoint understands Site is not in use based on the settings it automatically deletes the site collection from the database .
Specify Quota templates :In this option we can specify the limits to  a specific site collection . Its like setting a specific size for the contents in the Site collection.
Configure Quota And locks :Here we can set a manual lock to the site collection  for read only mode or no access .Here we can also increase the the quota limit of the site collection which have configured the quota  previously .
Change Site collection Administrator:here we get to know who are the site collection administrator to any specific site collection  in SharePoint.These details can only be changed by the farm administrator or the site collection administrator of that specific site collection.
View all Site Collections : Here we can see the list of all the site collection available for the user to the user .
Configure Self-Services on Server: In SharePoint we have two different ways to create new site collection .one is by the administrator  and the other is by the User with specific rights .Self- Services are active by default in SharePoint 2013. Disabling this feature prevent us from the second method then only the farm administrators can create new Site collection.
Service Applications
Manage service Applications: Here we can see the services running on the specific web application . In this section user can stop services which  are not in use to the user .
Configure service application associations:
Manage services on server :These are the services which are required by different web application . if w see this in hierarchy we get to know that the only services  running on the server can be used by the farm .
Databases
Manage content databases:These are use to set the content database to a specific site .
Specify the default database server :this is place where we specify the default database server is permanently available to the SharePoint, This is the primary Database to the SharePoint site.
Configure the Data retrieval service :This feature enable the communication between the data consumer and the data Sources using Soap and xml. These are xml webservices which returns the out in xml format .

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